Title: Losing Pancreas Fat May Treat Type 2 Diabetes
Category: Health News
Created: 12/24/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 12/24/2015 12:00:00 AM
Source MedicineNet Diabetes General http://ift.tt/1QLpj5r
الخميس، 24 ديسمبر 2015
الأربعاء، 23 ديسمبر 2015
Why I Give: Barbara’s Story
During the holiday season, the American Diabetes Association® encourages people to share their story on why they give to our mission. Whether it’s through local events, planned giving, one-time donations or in memory of a loved one, these gifts go a long way in helping us save lives and continue the search for a cure.
The following are stories from our generous supporters and organizations that have donated or fundraised on our behalf throughout the years.
began directly funding research in 1952. Diabetes management involved thick needles and embarrassing, slow-acting and inaccurate urine tests.
Today, thanks to decades of critical research made possible through generous supporters, people with diabetes are living longer, healthier lives. They have better treatment options. They have more advanced technologies. Their health care providers have access to the most up-to-date and relevant information to guide their care.
But there is so much work left to do. The Association is committed to funding the research that promises tomorrow’s advances and, one day, a life free of diabetes and all its burdens.
That is why Barbara, from New York City, supports the Association through an IRA and Annuity contribution Diabetes has impacted Barbara’s family, including her maternal grandmother, who had type 1 diabetes, and father, who had type 2 diabetes.
Although Barbara doesn’t live with diabetes herself, she knows quite a few people who do, and this has sparked her great interest in diabetes research. She attends various lectures on diabetes and scientific programs and feels strongly that with more funding for research, diabetes will one day be eliminated.
“So many people all around the world and in the United States have diabetes, so we really need to do more about it,” Barbara told the Association. “I recently met another person with diabetes who currently has complications. I was happy to pass along helpful information about managing diabetes from your organization to her.”
Barbara recently attended the Association’s Supporter Tele-Town Hall on Dec. 7, 2015, featuring Chief Scientific and Medical Officer Robert E. Ratner, MD, FACP, FACE. During the town hall Barbara was able to hear firsthand the latest news about research and diabetes care. She hopes to see progress toward a cure so diabetes will no longer affect so many people.
“I’m most proud of doing something worthwhile with the money I have saved,” Barbara said. “It’s important to me that I leave a legacy that will go a long way toward helping many people. Some people gamble and do other things with their money; I prefer to give it to something important.”
We hope you’re inspired by Barbara’s story as much as we are. Please take a moment now to make a generous year end gift to change the future of diabetes. Your donation, no matter what size, will help us fund cutting-edge research and also allow us to advocate for billions of dollars of federal government research and provide community-based programs to help people across the U.S. live healthier lives today.
Visit diabetes.org/donate to help make a difference.
Source Diabetes Stops Here http://ift.tt/1ThGk4T
Living with Diabetes in College: Katie
For young adults living with diabetes, preparing for college can be a difficult time. Managing diabetes while trying to make sense of a new world, social network and expectations can be especially challenging. You’re not alone! There are many resources in place to help support this transition.
Together with the College Diabetes Network (CDN), the American Diabetes Association has been working to fill the information gaps for young adults living with diabetes and transitioning to college and work. The following are stories by college students with diabetes about their transition to happy, healthy college experiences.
Name and age: Katie, 21
School: Michigan State University (MSU), Class of 2016
I was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes last year at my nursing clinical when we were learning how to test blood glucose. So when I was originally researching universities, I did not consider looking at the health services—it wasn’t all that important to me at the time. However, I seemed to have been lucky in choosing MSU, because they have many health services and accommodations that I became aware of after my diagnosis. The Resource Center for Disability Services was very helpful in showing what accommodations I was eligible for if I were to need them, and they were very considerate of any extra needs that I may have because of diabetes.
My parents have been immensely helpful with the transition from home to college. They have helped me with scheduling appointments, finding doctors who would give me the best care and researching ways to make living with diabetes easier, especially while I was away from home. Both of my parents have always been my constant source for inspiration and hope. It is because of them I know that my transition back to college was easy and not at all stressful.
My health care team was also very helpful in my transition. We use a “patient portal,” which is a secure online messaging system where I can message my endocrinologist whenever I have any questions. This system has worked out well for me, especially with me being an hour away from home, and has helped build the great trust I have in my doctor.
When I first arrived at MSU, it didn’t provide any education programs to support people with diabetes or raise diabetes awareness. However, it does now! Our CDN chapter aims to raise awareness for people living with diabetes. We want to plan events and meetings to help educate the campus about a significant part of its population. Although the CDN chapter is just now getting started, I am seeing what a tremendous impact the chapter will have on our campus. We already have members who are very interested in supporting the chapter and have been instrumental in getting everything up and running.
My professors and roommates have been extremely supportive. My nursing professor, now our CDN chapter advisor, was actually there when I was in the emergency room getting my bloodwork done. This year, I did tell my current roommates and professors about my diabetes. I told them because diabetes can be tricky and it is always comforting to have people around you who understand why you might need to take a break to check your blood glucose. And in case there is an emergency, the group of people who you are around the most will be knowledgeable about your condition and can act appropriately for it. It certainly gives me peace of mind, knowing they can look out for me. Every student needs a group of friends, and professors, that they can trust, whether they have diabetes or not.
I started out by explaining the basics of diabetes, telling them that I need to take insulin shots in order to help my body function without a working pancreas. I also used the CDN Friends and Roommates page to further explain the basics of diabetes and what to look for in case of emergencies. I really found the resources to be helpful.
The biggest thing that I have seen on campus is the lack of knowledge about type 1 diabetes. I don’t necessarily get a lot of questions, and I think that is because people are hesitant to ask questions about this disease. Some people don’t really understand diabetes or think that diabetes is caused by eating poorly and not exercising. But I can tell that they want to learn more. If I explain my disease in ways that people can understand, the more help they can be to me and others with diabetes.
For incoming college freshmen or even high school seniors with diabetes, my advice would be to join the College Diabetes Network or any other student groups that help you connect with others! Or start your own chapter if there isn’t already one on your campus.
It’s just like why I joined the MSU Pompon team. Going into college, I knew that I loved my high school Pompon team; the sport had become a large part of who I am. I also knew that in college I wanted to be around other people who loved it as much as me, so I decided to try out for the university team. Connecting with new people who can understand and relate to some of the biggest parts of who you are is a great and comforting way to start the next chapter of your life.
The College Diabetes Network (CDN) is a 501c3 non-profit organization, whose mission is to use the power of peers, access to resources, and grassroots leadership to fill the gaps experienced by young adults with diabetes and make their college experience safer and more successful. CDN’s vision is to empower young adults with diabetes to thrive in all of their personal, healthcare, and scholastic endeavors. CDN has over 80 campuses with 60+ affiliated chapters.
Diabetes Forecast magazine and the College Diabetes Network recently published a “Thrive Guide for Young Adults” with tips for doing college with diabetes. Visit diabetesforecast.org and diabetes.org for more information.
Source Diabetes Stops Here http://ift.tt/1U4tas2
الثلاثاء، 22 ديسمبر 2015
Mesenteric Fat Lipolysis Mediates Obesity-Associated Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance
Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance are among the most prevalent metabolic disorders and are tightly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms linking obesity to hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance are incompletely understood. Glycoprotein 130 (gp130) is the common signal transducer of all interleukin 6 (IL-6) cytokines. We provide evidence that gp130-mediated adipose tissue lipolysis promotes hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. In obese mice, adipocyte-specific gp130 deletion reduced basal lipolysis and enhanced insulin’s ability to suppress lipolysis from mesenteric but not epididymal adipocytes. Consistently, free fatty acid levels were reduced in portal but not in systemic circulation of obese knockout mice. Of note, adipocyte-specific gp130 knockout mice were protected from high-fat diet–induced hepatic steatosis as well as from insulin resistance. In humans, omental but not subcutaneous IL-6 mRNA expression correlated positively with liver lipid accumulation (r = 0.31, P < 0.05) and negatively with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp glucose infusion rate (r = –0.28, P < 0.05). The results show that IL-6 cytokine-induced lipolysis may be restricted to mesenteric white adipose tissue and that it contributes to hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis. Therefore, blocking IL-6 cytokine signaling in (mesenteric) adipocytes may be a novel approach to blunting detrimental fat-liver crosstalk in obesity.
Source Diabetes Pathophysiology http://ift.tt/1IovPvY
High Glucose-Repressed CITED2 Expression Through miR-200b Triggers the Unfolded Protein Response and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
High glucose in vivo and in vitro induces neural tube defects (NTDs). CITED2 (CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with ED-rich tail 2) is essential for neural tube closure. We explored the regulatory mechanism underlying CITED2 expression and its relationship with miRNA and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. miR-200b levels were increased by maternal diabetes or high glucose in vitro, and this increase was abrogated by transgenic overexpression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) or an SOD1 mimetic. CITED2 was the target of miR-200b and was downregulated by high glucose. Two miR-200b binding sites in the 3'-untranslated region of the CITED2 mRNA were required for inhibiting CITED2 expression. The miR-200b mimic and a CITED2 knockdown mimicked the stimulative effect of high glucose on unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress, whereas the miR-200b inhibitor and CITED2 overexpression abolished high glucose–induced UPR signaling, ER stress, and apoptosis. The ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyrate, blocked CITED2 knockdown–induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the miR-200b inhibitor reversed high glucose–induced CITED2 downregulation, ER stress, and NTDs in cultured embryos. Thus, we showed a novel function of miR-200b and CITED2 in high glucose–induced UPR and ER stress, suggesting that miR-200b and CITED2 are critical for ER homeostasis and NTD formation in the developing embryo.
Source Diabetes Pathophysiology http://ift.tt/1QWnNM3
Metals in Urine and Diabetes in U.S. Adults
Our objective was to evaluate the relationship of urine metals including barium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, molybdenum, lead, antimony, thallium, tungsten, and uranium with diabetes prevalence. Data were from a cross-sectional study of 9,447 participants of the 1999–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative sample of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. Metals were measured in a spot urine sample, and diabetes status was determined based on a previous diagnosis or an A1C ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). After multivariable adjustment, the odds ratios of diabetes associated with the highest quartile of metal, compared with the lowest quartile, were 0.86 (95% CI 0.66–1.12) for barium (Ptrend = 0.13), 0.74 (0.51–1.09) for cadmium (Ptrend = 0.35), 1.21 (0.85–1.72) for cobalt (Ptrend = 0.59), 1.31 (0.90–1.91) for cesium (Ptrend = 0.29), 1.76 (1.24–2.50) for molybdenum (Ptrend = 0.01), 0.79 (0.56–1.13) for lead (Ptrend = 0.10), 1.72 (1.27–2.33) for antimony (Ptrend < 0.01), 0.76 (0.51–1.13) for thallium (Ptrend = 0.13), 2.18 (1.51–3.15) for tungsten (Ptrend < 0.01), and 1.46 (1.09–1.96) for uranium (Ptrend = 0.02). Higher quartiles of barium, molybdenum, and antimony were associated with greater HOMA of insulin resistance after adjustment. Molybdenum, antimony, tungsten, and uranium were positively associated with diabetes, even at the relatively low levels seen in the U.S. population. Prospective studies should further evaluate metals as risk factors for diabetes.
Source Diabetes Pathophysiology http://ift.tt/1Zo6syu
Why I Give: Isabella’s Story
During the holiday season, the American Diabetes Association® encourages people to share their story on why they give. Whether it’s through local events, planned giving, annual donations or in memory of a loved one, these gifts go a long way in helping us save lives and continue the search for a cure.
The following are stories from a few of our generous supporters and organizations that have donated or fundraised on our behalf in 2015.
Oh, did I mention I’ve been living with type 1 diabetes since I was 8 years old? I will be celebrating my 13th birthday in January!
I enjoy attending the many different diabetes-related activities that the American Diabetes Association holds in my area through its program Family Link. That’s how I learned about Camp Colorado. All year long I look forward to attending this camp that has been created especially for kids like me. The staff and volunteers are great at teaching us the ways to manage our diabetes, like improving our ability to inject insulin and use our pumps and continuous glucose monitors, counting carbs and other important skills. My favorite part about Camp Colorado is being able to have so much fun with other kids who have diabetes and to feel “normal” for four days. I always feel more confident about managing my diabetes after I come home—I wish camp lasted longer than a week!
In addition to attending Camp Colorado, I also love participating in the Step Out: Walk to Stop Diabetes® event with the Association’s Denver office because I get to have fun and help fight diabetes at the same time! As a Red Strider, Step Out gives me a chance to walk with other kids who have diabetes. It’s great to know that we are in this fight together and that diabetes can’t stop us. This year I raised $1,000! Next year I plan on creating a team and doubling that amount. When I get older I want to volunteer and participate in even more events like Step Out.
I live with this disease every single day of my life, 24/7! There’s no time off for good behavior and no vacation from testing. Even though I won’t let diabetes stop me from doing the things I love, it’s very hard to live with this disease. No one should have to live with it.
Fundraising is important to me because I want to see the end to this disease! I know the money I raise goes to fund research that has advanced the treatment of diabetes by leaps and bounds in the last decade. A lot more still needs to be done.
I will continue to step up my efforts until we Stop Diabetes®! The holidays are a great time to make a donation: What better gift to give someone you love who has diabetes than donating to help find a cure and make their life better in the meantime? I know I would rather have my friends and family give a gift to the Association than buy me another pair of jeans or CD!
We hope you’re inspired by Isabella’s story as much as we are. Please take a moment now to make generous year end gift to change the future of diabetes. Your donation no matter what size will help us fund cutting-edge research and also allow us to advocate for billions of dollars of federal government research and provide community-based programs to help people across the U.S. live healthier lives today.
Visit diabetes.org/donate to help make a difference.
Source Diabetes Stops Here http://ift.tt/1OIrsbJ
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